Grammar 15 |
a) Verbal inflection in passive Stem II 1. Present inflection The present base in the passive Stem II follows the pattern mizaban- ܡܝܙܰܒܰܢـ prior to consonant-initial inflectional suffixes and mizabn- ܡܝܙܰܒܢـ prior to vowel-initial inflectional suffixes. This differs from the present base of the active Stem II only by way of the syllabic prefix mi- ܡܝـ. Here the present inflection of mizaban ܡܺܝܙܰܒܰܢ „to be sold“ is exemplified:
2. Preterite inflection The base of the preterite in passive Stem II is pronounced mzaban- ܡܙܰܒܰܢـ before consonant-initial inflectional suffixes, and mzabn- ܡܙܰܒܢـ before vowel-initial inflectional suffixes. Here the preterite inflection of mzaban- ܡܙܰܒܰܢـ „to be sold“ is exemplified:
Examples of the preterite in the passive Stem II:
b) Verbal inflection in passive stem III The passive verb in the third stem is identified by an infixed -t- ـܬـ. As in the passive Stem II verbs, these verbs are also formed with a syllabic prefix, which is pronounced mita- ܡܝܬܰـ in the present and mta- ܡܬܰـ in the preterite: examples: ltm ܠܬܡ IIIp mitaltam – mtaltam ܡܝܬܰܠܬܰܡ - ܡܬܰܠܬܰܡ „to be collected“; dcr ܕܥܪ IIIp mitadcar – mtadcar ܡܝܬܰܕܥܰܪ – ܡܬܰܕܥܰܪ „to be brought back, to be sent back“; cmr ܥܡܪ IIIp mitacmar – mtacmar ܡܝܬܰܥܡܰܪ - ܡܬܰܥܡܰܪ „to be built“; fhm ܦܗܡ IIIp mitafham - mtafham ܡܝܬܰܦܗܰܡ - ܡܬܰܦܗܰܡ „to be explained, to be made understandable“. 1. Present inflection As in the other stems, the present base has two forms. With consonant-initial inflectional suffixes, the base is mitaltam- ܡܝܬܰܠܬܰܡـ and with vowel-initial inflectional suffixes, it is mitaltm- ܡܝܬܰܠܬܡـ. Here the present inflection of the example ltm ܠܬܡ IIIp mitaltam ܡܺܝܬܰܠܬܰܡ „to be collected“ is illustrated:
Note: Before vowel-initial inflectional suffixes (3.f.sg., 2.sg., 1.f.sg., 1./2./3. pl.) the consonant cluster at the end of the base -ltm- ـܠܬܡـ can be broken up to form -latm- ـܠܰܬܡـ or alternatively -lёtm- ـܠܷܬܡـ.Example of the passive Stem III verbs in the present:
2. Preterite inflection In the preterite the bases mtaltam- ܡܬܰܠܬܰܡـ and mtaltm- ܡܬܰܠܬܡـ exist:
Note: The same rule goes here: When preceding vowel-initial inflectional suffixes (3.f.sg., 2.sg., 1.f.sg., 1./2./3. pl.), the consonant clusters at the end of the base -ltm- ـܠܬܡـ can be split to form -latm- ـܠܰܬܡـ or alternatively -lёtm- ـܠܷܬܡـ.Examples in the preterite of the passive Stem III verbs:
c) The infinitive 1. The form of the infinitive Regular forms of the infinitive are each pronounced according to their stem as follows: 1) Stem I
Several infinitives of the first stem are built irregularly. The most common are:
Exception:
2) Stem II
3) Stem III
2. Use of the infinitive The infinitive in Surayt is almost entirely used as a substantive (noun). In this lesson the following forms appear:
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